[20220217]IF11582_第301节美国从中国进口产品的关税除外条款.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated February 17, 2022Section 301 Tariff Exclusions on U.S. Imports from ChinaIn 2018, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) determined, pursuant to an investigation under “Section 301” (Title III of the Trade Act of 1974, 19 U.S.C. 2411-2420), that Chinas acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property (IP), and innovation were unreasonable or discriminatory and burdened or restricted U.S. commerce. To counter them and obtain their elimination, the Trump Administration used Section 301 authorities to impose four rounds of increased tariffs on about two-thirds of U.S. imports from China. However, to avoid harm to U.S. interests, the USTR introduced a new policy allowing stakeholders to request “tariff exclusions” for U.S. imports that would otherwise have been subject to tariffs. Some policymakers and stakeholders have raised concerns about the implementation of the exclusion request process. In particular, some Member of Congress have questioned USTRs ability to “pick winners and losers” through granting or denying requests or have pushed for broad tariff relief amid concerns about the negative impact of tariffs