[20220217]IN11469_美国对中国农业政策的挑战.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i U.S. Challenges to Chinas Farm Policies Updated February 17, 2022 In 2019, the World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled in favor of the United States in two cases that the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) filed against China, alleging that Chinas agricultural policies were inconsistent with its WTO obligations. The United States and China disagree about whether China has changed its policies sufficiently to conform to the WTO rulings, and the two cases have been referred to arbitration. Chinas Farm Support Spending In the first case (DS511), USTR contended that Chinas support policies for growers of wheat, rice, and corn exceeded the support limit it agreed to in 2001, when it joined the WTO, by nearly $100 billion from 2012 through 2015. USTR asserted that these policies created an incentive for Chinese farmers to increase production of the subsidized crops, displacing imports and distorting international trade. On February 28, 2019, the WTO dispute settlement body agreed with major parts of the U.S. complaint, and recommended changes to bring Chinese rice and wheat policies into compl