[20220302]IF11284_中美贸易关系.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated March 2, 2022U.S.-China Trade RelationsThe Peoples Republic of China (PRC or China) is the second-largest global economy and an important global market for the United States. At the same time, U.S. firms face significant trade barriers, unfair practices, and a lack of reciprocity in key areas. Chinas state-driven economic, trade, investment, and technology practices and the challenges they pose to U.S. economic and technology leadership are of concern to many in Congress. China continues to require the transfer of critical U.S. capabilities to China to operate in strategic areas. Many of Chinas practices distort markets and undermine fair competition in China and globally as PRC firms expand in areas that China restricts domestically. Chinas system blurs state and corporate interests, enabling the government to deploy trade tools (e.g., antidumping, antitrust, standards, and procurement), economic coercion, and espionage to advantage its firms and advance Chinas industrial and other policies. The states expanding role in commercial activityincluding an intensification of industrial policies and enactment of a set of interrelated national econ