[20220308]IF12058_联邦机构规则制定中的成本效益分析.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov March 8, 2022Cost-Benefit Analysis in Federal Agency RulemakingSince the 1970s, federal agencies have been required to consider the costs and benefits of certain regulations that are expected to have large economic effects. Under current requirements, most agencies are to design regulations in a cost-effective manner and ensure that the benefits of their regulations justify the costs. Cost-benefit analysis of regulations is primarily required by Executive Order (E.O.) 12866, which was issued in 1993 and remains in effect. E.O. 12866 is one of the analytical requirements that are part of the federal rulemaking process, which includes other executive orders, guidance documents from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and statutory requirements. This In Focus provides a brief overview and discussion of the key cross-cutting executive orders and statutes that require cost-benefit and other types of regulatory impact analysis in the federal rulemaking process. Cost-Benefit Analysis vs. Regulatory Impact Analysis Cost-benefit analysis involves describing the potential costs and benefits of a regulation in quantified and monetizedthat is, assigned a