[20220310]IF12059_什么是禁飞区（NFZ）？.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov March 10, 2022What Is a No-Fly Zone (NFZ)?A “No-Fly Zone” (NFZ) is a military operation to ensure that no aircraft operate in the airspace of a defined geographic area. An NFZ could also suppress and/or destroy air defenses in a defined region. Many defense analysts consider maintaining NFZs to be combat operations, likely involving actively shooting down and/or destroying a hostile countrys aircraft, therefore requiring rules of engagement detailing how and when forces can engage a violating aircraft. NFZs are generally international operations, and U.S. participation in them entails oversight and funding considerations by Congress. The United States has participated in four declared NFZ operations: Operation Deny Flight, from 1993 to 1995, over Bosnia and Herzegovina; Operation Northern Watch, from 1991 to 2003, over the 36th Parallel over Iraq; Operation Southern Watch, from 1992 to 2003, over the 32nd Parallel (later extended to the 33rd Parallel) over Iraq; and Operation Odyssey Dawn, in 2011, over Libya. What Is Required for an NFZ? To establish an NFZ, military forces need to commit to enforcing the NFZ and potentially engaging in combat again