[20220317]IF12062_针对俄罗斯的新金融和贸易制裁.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov March 17, 2022New Financial and Trade Sanctions Against RussiaOn February 24, the Russian Federation (Russia) launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The United States and allies have responded with sanctions and other actions, affecting economic engagement, access to financial instruments and resources, and trade, against Russia that are unprecedented in terms of their comprehensiveness, coordination, and swiftness. Within the United States, the new measures were primarily imposed by the executive branch. Congress has sought to widen the range of economic targets and to curtail further the Russian governments access to financial and other resources. Financial Sanctions Given the primacy of the U.S. dollar and U.S. financial markets in the global economy, financial sanctions are a particular source of U.S. economic leverage with respect to Russia. Central Bank Sanctions. The United States, European Union (EU), United Kingdom, Canada, and Japan suspended transactions with Russias central bank. These sanctions block Russias access to its holdings of foreign exchange reserves in these jurisdictions. Russias reserves totaled $630 billion at end-Januar