[20220316]IF10156_美国贸易政策：背景和当前问题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated March 16, 2022U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current IssuesCongress plays a major role in shaping, overseeing and legislating U.S. trade policy through its constitutional authority over tariffs and foreign commerce (Article 1, 8). Since World War II, U.S. trade policy has generally sought to advance U.S. economic growth and competitiveness by: (1) reducing international trade and investment barriers; (2) fostering an open, transparent, and nondiscriminatory rules-based trading system, including through the World Trade Organization (WTO); (3) enforcing partner countries trade commitments and U.S. trade laws; and (4) offering relief to U.S. workers and firms adversely affected by “unfair” foreign trade practices and trade liberalization. The Biden Administration came into office with a stated focus on domestic economic issues and many trade policy initiatives remain under development. In contrast to President Trumps emphasis on unilateral trade actions, the Biden Administration has promoted an approach of working with partners and allies to address trade challenges, including at the WTO. Yet, many Trump-era unilateral trade restrictions rema