[20220324]IF11627_美国出口管制与中国.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated March 24, 2022U.S. Export Controls and ChinaSince 2018, Congress and the executive branch have revisedthrough legislation, regulation, and licensing practicesthe U.S. export control system that regulates dual-use exports (goods and technology that may have both civilian and military uses). Much of the legislative reform has focused on controlling emerging and foundational technologies, strengthening other technology controls and licensing practices, engaging multilaterally to ensure U.S. controls are effective, and considering the impact of controls on the U.S. economy, including the foreign availability of U.S. products subject to control. Many of these changes were efforts to address concerns about the Peoples Republic of Chinas (PRC or China) pursuit of civilian and military leadership in advanced technologies through U.S. commercial ties. Congress plays a key role in overseeing the reforms it enacted and shaping the U.S. export control regime to address U.S. national security and foreign policy concerns, including those posed by China. Chinas Industrial Policies Chinas state-led industrial policies, such as Made in China 2025 (MIC 2025),