[20220324]IF12066_俄罗斯在全球经济中的贸易和投资作用.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov March 24, 2022Russias Trade and Investment Role in the Global EconomyThe invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation (Russia) in February 2022and the expansion of U.S. and international sanctions that followedhas heightened congressional interest in understanding Russias economy, including the composition and resilience of its trade and investment ties globally. Members of Congress may have an interest in scrutinizing these ties to better understand any potential leverage that the United States and allies may have over Russias international trade flows, and to help inform potential additional U.S. policy responses. Russias Economy Russias significance in the global economy is tied to its role as a major energy and grain producer and exporter. Outside commodity markets, Russia has long been a relatively minor economic actor, despite its large land mass and population. Its economy, the 11th largest in the world, accounted for 1.7% of the worlds total output in 2021 and remains weakly integrated into global value chains (GVCs) (Figure 1). Despite a stated desire to diversify its economy for decades, oil and gas dominate Russias goods (merchandise) exp