[20220401]IF10052_美国国际投资协议（IIA） .pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated April 1, 2022U.S. International Investment Agreements (IIAs) The United States, a major source and recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI), historically has sought to promote U.S. FDI and protect U.S. investors through the negotiation and enforcement of international investment agreements (IIAs). Taking the form of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and investment chapters in free trade agreements (FTAs), IIAs aim to reduce FDI restrictions, ensure nondiscriminatory treatment of investors and investment, and balance investment protections and other policy interests through binding, reciprocal obligations. While some World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements address investment issues in a limited manner, IIAs have been key tools to govern bilateral and regional investment ties. The United States has BITs with 40 countries and 14 FTAs with 20 countries (see Figure 1), most with investment chapters. According to the United Nations Committee on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), as of March 2022, 2,805 IIAs were concluded globally, of which 2,242 were in forceforming a complex, overlapping network of investment rules. Congress has a major rol