[20220331]IF11151_中美洲移民：根本原因和美国政策.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated March 31, 2022Central American Migration: Root Causes and U.S. PolicyRecent Trends According to a model developed at the University of Texas at Austins Robert Strauss Center for International Security and Law, an estimated 407,000 people, on average, left the Northern Triangle region of Central America (see Figure 1) annually from FY2018 to FY2021, with the majority bound for the United States. Flows have varied from year to year, with an estimated 691,000 people leaving the region in FY2019 and an estimated 112,000 people leaving the region in FY2020. Surveys conducted in 2020 found many potential migrants had postponed their plans in the midst of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic but intended to undertake their journeys once governments lifted cross-border travel restrictions. Figure 1. Northern Triangle of Central America Source: Map Resources. Adapted by CRS. In FY2021, U.S. Border Patrol encountered nearly 684,000 foreign nationals from the Northern Triangle at the U.S. Southwest border, including 309,000 Hondurans, 279,000 Guatemalans, and 96,000 Salvadorans (see Figure 2). The Border Patrol apprehended 287,000 of those i