[20220422]IN11914_乌克兰的保险、网络攻击和战争.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i Insurance, Cyberattacks, and War in Ukraine April 22, 2022 The potential for large, correlated losses has long made insurers wary of offering coverage for war damage. The first exclusions in insurance contracts for marine war risks appeared in the late 1800s. With the relative absence of wars fought on U.S. territory, insurance against war risks has primarily been a concern for the transportation industry, with aviation being added to marine travel over the 20th century. The U.S. government has stepped in at various points and in various forms to ensure the availability of insurance against war risks from the beginnings of World War I through the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. (The 9/11 terrorist attacks also prompted a federal insurance program against terrorism risk.) While federal provision of war risk insurance is still authorized for sea and air vessels, it is narrower than it has been in the past. The risk of cyberattacks in the 21st century, particularly in regard to Russias war in Ukraine, has brought the possibility of damages directly due to wars around the globe closer t