俄罗斯战时的审查和宣传

NO.52(1969),1 APRIL 2022 PISM BULLETIN Russias Wartime Censorship and Propaganda Agnieszka Legucka Censorship for War.Following the attack on Ukraine,the Russian government banned the countrys media from using the words“war”or“intervention”,ordering the use of the term“special military operation”.Under the criminal code amended in March this year,Russians can be sent to a penal colony for 3 to 15 years for“deliberately spreading false information”about the activities of the Russian military.The Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation has already initiated the first criminal cases against people who posted videos from Ukraine on social media depicting what the investigators charge is a false image of the Russian army.This wartime censorship is mainly preventive in nature.Under pressure from the authorities,Echo,a Moscow radio station broadcasting in Russia since 1990,suspended operations even though it was the most popular station in the capital.The Dozhd television channel also suspended its activity,considering the continuation of its activities as putting its journalists and co-workers at risk.Novaya Gazeta,headed by last years Nobel Peace Prize winner Dmitry Muratov,p