将自由带入网上 在后斯诺登时代重振互联网自由议程[20140918].pdf

S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 4 P O L I C Y B R I E FBringing Liberty OnlineReenergizing the Internet Freedom Agenda in a Post-Snowden EraBy Richard FontaineThe 2013 revelations of mass surveillance by the U.S.government transformed the global debate about Internet freedom.Where once Washington routinely chided foreign governments and their corporate collaborators for engaging in online censorship,monitoring and other forms of Internet repression,the tables have turned.Edward Snowden,a former National Security Agency(NSA)contractor,leaked thousands of documents revealing Americas most secret electronic surveillance programs,unleashing a tidal wave of criticism and charges of hypocrisy,many directed at some of the very U.S.officials who have championed online freedom.Americas Internet freedom agenda the effort to preserve and extend the free flow of information online hangs in the balance.1 Already a contested space,the Internet after the Snowden revelations has become even more politically charged,with deep international divisions about its governance and heated battles over its use as a tool of political change.With 2.8 billion Internet users today,and several billion more expected over