欧盟天然气储存和液化天然气产能作为对乌克兰战争的回应

BRIEFING EPRS|European Parliamentary Research Service Authors:Lasse Boehm and Alex Wilson;Maps:Eulalia Claros Members Research Service PE 729.401 April 2022 EN EU gas storage and LNG capacity as responses to the war in Ukraine SUMMARY Russia remains Europes largest supplier of coal,oil,and gas.This poses a particular difficulty for the EU and its Member States,which are urgently seeking to reduce their energy dependence.This is not only necessary to pressure Russia economically to end its invasion of Ukraine,but also to prevent Russia from weaponising its energy supplies and threatening Europes energy security in future.Replacing Russian natural gas will be much more difficult than replacing oil and coal,due to differences in supply infrastructure,transportation and storage.While part of the long-term solution lies in the promotion of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency savings,the EU will nevertheless require large volumes of natural gas imports in the short and medium term.Since most of Europes pipeline infrastructure is organised to import Russian gas,alternative supplies will mostly have to come by sea in the form of liquefied natural gas(LNG).To guarantee security o