1、 https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated May 30, 2017Kazakhstan and Tajikistan: WTO Accession and U.S. Trade RelationsOverview On November 30, 2016, Kazakhstan acceded to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Kazakhstans WTO commitments include binding tariffs at an average of 6.1% and adopting all WTO
2、 rules and agreements. Tajikistan, another eastern-bloc country, became a WTO member in 2013. WTO rules require that all members extend nondiscriminatory, most-favored-nation (MFN) tariff treatment “immediately and unconditionally” to other WTO members. The United States currently grants Kazakhstan
3、and Tajikistan temporary MFN (in U.S. law called normal trade relations or NTR) status under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974, the so-called Jackson-Vanik amendment. Congress will need to enact legislation to provide Kazakhstan and Tajikistan permanent NTR (PNTR) treatment if the United States is t
4、o benefit fully from the terms of its WTO membership, including enjoying Kazakhstans tariff concessions and engaging in WTO dispute settlement procedures with Kazakhstan. Other eastern-bloc WTO members that have United States PNTR status are Albania, Armenia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
