1、 https:/crsreports.congress.gov March 12, 2019Opioid Use and Neonatal Abstinence SyndromeThe prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD)problematic opioid use leading to clinically significant impairment or distressamong pregnant women has gradually increased as the nations opioid epidemic has unfolded.
2、 This has led to increases in several adverse outcomes for infants, including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Recent efforts by both Congress and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have focused on addressing the rising rate of NAS. NAS is a withdrawal syndrome that often occu
3、rs when newborns no longer receive a substance, such as an opioid, that was administered in utero. According to a 2014 Pediatrics article focusing on opioid use and NAS, NAS symptoms can occur within 24 to 72 hours of birth and may last up to several months, depending on the type of opioid exposure
4、(e.g., heroin, methadone, or buprenorphine). Such symptoms can include tremors, feeding and sleeping difficulties, temperature instability, and hyperirritability. While other substances (e.g., alcohol) have been associated with NAS, opioids are one of the most common substances associated with this
